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| 1809 |
| | | Ranjit Singh, maharaja of the Punjab, agrees an eastern boundary between himself and the British in the Treaty of Amritsar | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII | |
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| 1809 |
| | | In the Treaty of Hamina (or Fredrikshamn), Sweden cedes Finland to Russia as an autonomous grand duchy | |
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| 1809 |
| | | The Fulani establish a capital at Sokoto, from which they dominate the Hausa kingdoms of northern Nigeria | |
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| 1811 |
| | | An American army attacks and destroys Tecumseh's base at Prophetstown | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The Turks recapture Belgrade and sell thousands of Serb women and children into slavery | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden, in the Treaty of Kiel, following Bernadotte's successful Danish campaign | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The congress of Vienna leaves the Cape of Good Hope in British hands | |
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| 1819 |
| | | The Sikh maharajah of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh, conquers Kashmir, beginning a century and a half of Sikh dominance in the region | |
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| 1820 |
| | | The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands) | |
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